| Location | Central Africa, south of Libya |
| Geographic coordinates | 15 00 N, 19 00 E |
| Map references | Africa |
| Area | total: 1.284 million sq km land: 1,259,200 sq km water: 24,800 sq km |
| Area - comparative | almost nine times the size of New York state; slightly more than three times the size of California |
| Land boundaries | total: 6,406 km border countries (6): Cameroon 1116 km, Central African Republic 1556 km, Libya 1050 km, Niger 1196 km, Nigeria 85 km, Sudan 1403 km |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) |
| Climate | tropical in south, desert in north |
| Terrain | broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south |
| Elevation extremes | highest point: Emi Koussi 3,445 m lowest point: Djourab 160 m mean elevation: 543 m |
| Natural resources | petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt |
| Land use | agricultural land: 39.6% (2018 est.) arable land: 3.9% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 35.7% (2018 est.) forest: 9.1% (2018 est.) other: 51.3% (2018 est.) |
| Irrigated land | 300 sq km (2012) |
| Total renewable water resources | 45.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est.) |
| Natural hazards | hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues |
| Geography - note | note 1: Chad is the largest of Africa's 16 landlocked countries note 2: not long ago - geologically speaking - what is today the Sahara was green savannah teeming with wildlife; during the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, a vibrant animal community, including elephants, giraffes, hippos, and antelope lived there; the last remnant of the "Green Sahara" exists in the Lakes of Ounianga (oo-nee-ahn-ga) in northern Chad, a series of 18 interconnected freshwater, saline, and hypersaline lakes now protected as a World Heritage site note 3: Lake Chad, the most significant water body in the Sahel, is a remnant of a former inland sea, paleolake Mega-Chad; at its greatest extent, sometime before 5000 B.C., Lake Mega-Chad was the largest of four Saharan paleolakes that existed during the African Humid Period; it covered an area of about 400,000 sq km (150,000 sq mi), roughly the size of today's Caspian Sea |
Source: CIA World Factbook
This page was last updated on September 18, 2021
