Bosnia and Herzegovina vs. Croatia
Geography
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Croatia | |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia |
| Geographic coordinates | 44 00 N, 18 00 E | 45 10 N, 15 30 E |
| Map references | Europe | Europe |
| Area | total: 51,197 sq km land: 51,187 sq km water: 10 sq km | total: 56,594 sq km land: 55,974 sq km water: 620 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than West Virginia | slightly smaller than West Virginia |
| Land boundaries | total: 1,543 km border countries (3): Croatia 956 km, Montenegro 242 km, Serbia 345 km | total: 2,237 km border countries (5): Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km, Hungary 348 km, Montenegro 19 km, Serbia 314 km, Slovenia 600 km |
| Coastline | 20 km | 5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km) |
| Maritime claims | NA | territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
| Climate | hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast | Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast |
| Terrain | mountains and valleys | geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands |
| Elevation extremes | highest point: Maglic 2,386 m lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m mean elevation: 500 m | highest point: Dinara 1,831 m lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m mean elevation: 331 m |
| Natural resources | coal, iron ore, antimony, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, timber, hydropower | oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower |
| Land use | agricultural land: 42.2% (2018 est.) arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 20.5% (2018 est.) forest: 42.8% (2018 est.) other: 15% (2018 est.) | agricultural land: 23.7% (2018 est.) arable land: 16% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.) forest: 34.4% (2018 est.) other: 41.9% (2018 est.) |
| Irrigated land | 30 sq km (2012) | 240 sq km (2012) |
| Natural hazards | destructive earthquakes | destructive earthquakes |
| Environment - current issues | air pollution; deforestation and illegal logging; inadequate wastewater treatment and flood management facilities; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; land mines left over from the 1992-95 civil strife are a hazard in some areas | air pollution improving but still a concern in urban settings and in emissions arriving from neighboring countries; surface water pollution in the Danube River Basin |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Geography - note | within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro, and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east | controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks |
| Total renewable water resources | 37.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.) | 105.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.) |
| Population distribution | the northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated | more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated |
Source: CIA Factbook
