Bosnia and Herzegovina vs. Montenegro
Geography
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Montenegro | |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia | Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia |
| Geographic coordinates | 44 00 N, 18 00 E | 42 30 N, 19 18 E |
| Map references | Europe | Europe |
| Area | total: 51,197 sq km land: 51,187 sq km water: 10 sq km | total: 13,812 sq km land: 13,452 sq km water: 360 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than West Virginia | slightly smaller than Connecticut; slightly larger than twice the size of Delaware |
| Land boundaries | total: 1,543 km border countries (3): Croatia 956 km, Montenegro 242 km, Serbia 345 km | total: 680 km border countries (5): Albania 186 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 242 km, Croatia 19 km, Kosovo 76 km, Serbia 157 km |
| Coastline | 20 km | 293.5 km |
| Maritime claims | NA | territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: defined by treaty |
| Climate | hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast | Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland |
| Terrain | mountains and valleys | highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus |
| Elevation extremes | highest point: Maglic 2,386 m lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m mean elevation: 500 m | highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m mean elevation: 1,086 m |
| Natural resources | coal, iron ore, antimony, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, timber, hydropower | bauxite, hydroelectricity |
| Land use | agricultural land: 42.2% (2018 est.) arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 20.5% (2018 est.) forest: 42.8% (2018 est.) other: 15% (2018 est.) | agricultural land: 38.2% (2018 est.) arable land: 12.9% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 24.1% (2018 est.) forest: 40.4% (2018 est.) other: 21.4% (2018 est.) |
| Irrigated land | 30 sq km (2012) | 24 sq km (2012) |
| Natural hazards | destructive earthquakes | destructive earthquakes |
| Environment - current issues | air pollution; deforestation and illegal logging; inadequate wastewater treatment and flood management facilities; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; land mines left over from the 1992-95 civil strife are a hazard in some areas | pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; serious air pollution in Podgorica, Pljevlja and Niksie; air pollution in Pljevlja is caused by the nearby lignite power plant and the domestic use of coal and wood for household heating |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Geography - note | within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro, and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east | strategic location along the Adriatic coast |
| Population distribution | the northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated | highest population density is concentrated in the south, southwest; the extreme eastern border is the least populated area |
Source: CIA Factbook
