Bosnia and Herzegovina vs. Serbia
Geography
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Serbia | |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia | Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary |
| Geographic coordinates | 44 00 N, 18 00 E | 44 00 N, 21 00 E |
| Map references | Europe | Europe |
| Area | total: 51,197 sq km land: 51,187 sq km water: 10 sq km | total: 77,474 sq km land: 77,474 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than West Virginia | slightly smaller than South Carolina |
| Land boundaries | total: 1,543 km border countries (3): Croatia 956 km, Montenegro 242 km, Serbia 345 km | total: 2,322 km border countries (8): Bosnia and Herzegovina 345 km, Bulgaria 344 km, Croatia 314 km, Hungary 164 km, Kosovo 366 km, Macedonia 101 km, Montenegro 157 km, Romania 531 km |
| Coastline | 20 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Maritime claims | NA | none (landlocked) |
| Climate | hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast | in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well-distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns) |
| Terrain | mountains and valleys | extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills |
| Elevation extremes | highest point: Maglic 2,386 m lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m mean elevation: 500 m | highest point: Midzor 2,169 m lowest point: Danube and Timok Rivers 35 m mean elevation: 442 m |
| Natural resources | coal, iron ore, antimony, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, timber, hydropower | oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land |
| Land use | agricultural land: 42.2% (2018 est.) arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 20.5% (2018 est.) forest: 42.8% (2018 est.) other: 15% (2018 est.) | agricultural land: 57.9% (2018 est.) arable land: 37.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 3.4% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 16.8% (2018 est.) forest: 31.6% (2018 est.) other: 10.5% (2018 est.) |
| Irrigated land | 30 sq km (2012) | 950 sq km (2012) |
| Natural hazards | destructive earthquakes | destructive earthquakes |
| Environment - current issues | air pollution; deforestation and illegal logging; inadequate wastewater treatment and flood management facilities; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; land mines left over from the 1992-95 civil strife are a hazard in some areas | air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube; inadequate management of domestic, industrial, and hazardous waste |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Geography - note | within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro, and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east | landlocked; controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East |
| Total renewable water resources | 37.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.) | 162.2 billion cubic meters (note - includes Kosovo) (2017 est.) |
| Population distribution | the northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated | a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations |
Source: CIA Factbook
