Bulgaria vs. Serbia
Geography
| Bulgaria | Serbia | |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey | Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary |
| Geographic coordinates | 43 00 N, 25 00 E | 44 00 N, 21 00 E |
| Map references | Europe | Europe |
| Area | total: 110,879 sq km land: 108,489 sq km water: 2,390 sq km | total: 77,474 sq km land: 77,474 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | almost identical in size to Virginia; slightly larger than Tennessee | slightly smaller than South Carolina |
| Land boundaries | total: 1,806 km border countries (5): Greece 472 km, Macedonia 162 km, Romania 605 km, Serbia 344 km, Turkey 223 km | total: 2,322 km border countries (8): Bosnia and Herzegovina 345 km, Bulgaria 344 km, Croatia 314 km, Hungary 164 km, Kosovo 366 km, Macedonia 101 km, Montenegro 157 km, Romania 531 km |
| Coastline | 354 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | none (landlocked) |
| Climate | temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers | in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well-distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns) |
| Terrain | mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast | extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills |
| Elevation extremes | highest point: Musala 2,925 m lowest point: Black Sea 0 m mean elevation: 472 m | highest point: Midzor 2,169 m lowest point: Danube and Timok Rivers 35 m mean elevation: 442 m |
| Natural resources | bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land | oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land |
| Land use | agricultural land: 46.9% (2018 est.) arable land: 29.9% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 15.5% (2018 est.) forest: 36.7% (2018 est.) other: 16.4% (2018 est.) | agricultural land: 57.9% (2018 est.) arable land: 37.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 3.4% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 16.8% (2018 est.) forest: 31.6% (2018 est.) other: 10.5% (2018 est.) |
| Irrigated land | 1,020 sq km (2012) | 950 sq km (2012) |
| Natural hazards | earthquakes; landslides | destructive earthquakes |
| Environment - current issues | air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes | air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube; inadequate management of domestic, industrial, and hazardous waste |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Geography - note | strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia | landlocked; controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East |
| Total renewable water resources | 21.3 billion cubic meters (2017 est.) | 162.2 billion cubic meters (note - includes Kosovo) (2017 est.) |
| Population distribution | a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger populations | a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations |
Source: CIA Factbook
