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Montenegro vs. Croatia

Geography

MontenegroCroatia
LocationSoutheastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and SerbiaSoutheastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
Geographic coordinates42 30 N, 19 18 E45 10 N, 15 30 E
Map referencesEuropeEurope
Areatotal: 13,812 sq km

land: 13,452 sq km

water: 360 sq km
total: 56,594 sq km

land: 55,974 sq km

water: 620 sq km
Area - comparativeslightly smaller than Connecticut; slightly larger than twice the size of Delawareslightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundariestotal: 680 km

border countries (5): Albania 186 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 242 km, Croatia 19 km, Kosovo 76 km, Serbia 157 km
total: 2,237 km

border countries (5): Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km, Hungary 348 km, Montenegro 19 km, Serbia 314 km, Slovenia 600 km
Coastline293.5 km5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)
Maritime claimsterritorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: defined by treaty
territorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
ClimateMediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inlandMediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
Terrainhighly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateausgeographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
Elevation extremeshighest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m

mean elevation: 1,086 m
highest point: Dinara 1,831 m

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m

mean elevation: 331 m
Natural resourcesbauxite, hydroelectricityoil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
Land useagricultural land: 38.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 12.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 24.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 40.4% (2018 est.)

other: 21.4% (2018 est.)
agricultural land: 23.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 16% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)

forest: 34.4% (2018 est.)

other: 41.9% (2018 est.)
Irrigated land24 sq km (2012)240 sq km (2012)
Natural hazardsdestructive earthquakesdestructive earthquakes
Environment - current issuespollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; serious air pollution in Podgorica, Pljevlja and Niksie; air pollution in Pljevlja is caused by the nearby lignite power plant and the domestic use of coal and wood for household heatingair pollution improving but still a concern in urban settings and in emissions arriving from neighboring countries; surface water pollution in the Danube River Basin
Environment - international agreementsparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - notestrategic location along the Adriatic coastcontrols most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks
Population distributionhighest population density is concentrated in the south, southwest; the extreme eastern border is the least populated areamore of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated

Source: CIA Factbook