Turkmenistan vs. Afghanistan
Demographics
| Turkmenistan | Afghanistan | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 5,579,889 (July 2021 est.) note: some sources suggest Turkmenistan's population could be as much as 1 to 2 million people lower than available estimates because of large-scale emigration during the last 10 years | 37,466,414 (July 2021 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 25.44% (male 713,441/female 693,042) 15-24 years: 16.48% (male 458,566/female 452,469) 25-54 years: 44.14% (male 1,214,581/female 1,226,027) 55-64 years: 8.56% (male 221,935/female 251,238) 65 years and over: 5.38% (male 129,332/female 167,996) (2020 est.) | 0-14 years: 40.62% (male 7,562,703/female 7,321,646) 15-24 years: 21.26% (male 3,960,044/female 3,828,670) 25-54 years: 31.44% (male 5,858,675/female 5,661,887) 55-64 years: 4.01% (male 724,597/female 744,910) 65 years and over: 2.68% (male 451,852/female 528,831) (2020 est.) |
| Median age | total: 29.2 years male: 28.7 years female: 29.7 years (2020 est.) | total: 19.5 years male: 19.4 years female: 19.5 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.02% (2021 est.) | 2.34% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 17.85 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 36.08 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 12.57 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -1.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) | -0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2020 est.) | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 38.54 deaths/1,000 live births male: 46.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 29.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) | total: 106.75 deaths/1,000 live births male: 115.21 deaths/1,000 live births female: 97.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 71.54 years male: 68.5 years female: 74.73 years (2021 est.) | total population: 53.25 years male: 51.73 years female: 54.85 years (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 2.04 children born/woman (2021 est.) | 4.72 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | NA | <.1% (2020 est.) |
| Nationality | noun: Turkmenistani(s) adjective: Turkmenistani | noun: Afghan(s) adjective: Afghan |
| Ethnic groups | Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003 est.) | Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, other (includes smaller numbers of Baloch, Turkmen, Nuristani, Pamiri, Arab, Gujar, Brahui, Qizilbash, Aimaq, Pashai, and Kyrghyz) (2015) note: current statistical data on the sensitive subject of ethnicity in Afghanistan are not available, and ethnicity data from small samples of respondents to opinion polls are not a reliable alternative; Afghanistan's 2004 constitution recognizes 14 ethnic groups: Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Baloch, Turkmen, Nuristani, Pamiri, Arab, Gujar, Brahui, Qizilbash, Aimaq, and Pashai |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | NA | 12,000 (2020 est.) |
| Religions | Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1% (2020 est.) | Muslim 99.7% (Sunni 84.7 - 89.7%, Shia 10 - 15%), other 0.3% (2009 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | NA | <1,000 (2020 est.) |
| Languages | Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% major-language sample(s): Dünyä Facebooky, esasy maglumat üçin ayrylmaz bir çesme dir. (Turkmen) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 78% (Dari functions as the lingua franca), Pashto (official) 50%, Uzbek 10%, English 5%, Turkmen 2%, Urdu 2%, Pashayi 1%, Nuristani 1%, Arabic 1%, Balochi 1%, other <1% (2017 est.) major-language sample(s): ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? (Dari) ? ???? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????- (Pashto)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note 1: data represent most widely spoken languages; shares sum to more than 100% because there is much bilingualism in the country and because respondents were allowed to select more than one language note 2: the Turkic languages Uzbek and Turkmen, as well as Balochi, Pashayi, Nuristani, and Pamiri are the third official languages in areas where the majority speaks them |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.7% male: 99.8% female: 99.6% (2015) | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 43% male: 55.5% female: 29.8% (2018) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 13 years male: 13 years female: 13 years (2019) | total: 10 years male: 13 years female: 8 years (2018) |
| Education expenditures | 3.1% of GDP (2012) | 4.1% of GDP (2017) |
| Urbanization | urban population: 53% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | urban population: 26.3% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 3.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 95.9% of population rural: 61.4% of population total: 70.2% of population unimproved: urban: 3.2% of population rural: 38.6% of population total: 38.6% of population (2017 est.) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 83.6% of population rural: 43% of population total: 53.2% of population unimproved: urban: 16.4% of population rural: 57% of population total: 46.8% of population (2017 est.) |
| Major cities - population | 865,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2021) | 4.336 million KABUL (capital) (2021) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) | 638 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
| Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 3.1% (2019) | 19.1% (2018) |
| Health expenditures | 6.6% (2018) | 9.4% (2018) |
| Physicians density | 2.23 physicians/1,000 population (2014) | 0.28 physicians/1,000 population (2016) |
| Hospital bed density | 4 beds/1,000 population (2014) | 0.4 beds/1,000 population (2017) |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 18.6% (2016) | 5.5% (2016) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 24.2 years (2019) | 19.9 years (2015 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 25-49 |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 49.7% (2019) | 18.9% (2018) note: percent of women aged 12-49 |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 55.2 youth dependency ratio: 47.8 elderly dependency ratio: 7.4 potential support ratio: 13.5 (2020 est.) | total dependency ratio: 88.8 youth dependency ratio: 75.3 elderly dependency ratio: 4.8 potential support ratio: 21 (2020 est.) |
Source: CIA Factbook
