Turkmenistan vs. Uzbekistan
Demographics
| Turkmenistan | Uzbekistan | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 5,579,889 (July 2021 est.) note: some sources suggest Turkmenistan's population could be as much as 1 to 2 million people lower than available estimates because of large-scale emigration during the last 10 years | 30,842,796 (July 2021 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 25.44% (male 713,441/female 693,042) 15-24 years: 16.48% (male 458,566/female 452,469) 25-54 years: 44.14% (male 1,214,581/female 1,226,027) 55-64 years: 8.56% (male 221,935/female 251,238) 65 years and over: 5.38% (male 129,332/female 167,996) (2020 est.) | 0-14 years: 23.19% (male 3,631,693/female 3,456,750) 15-24 years: 16.63% (male 2,601,803/female 2,481,826) 25-54 years: 45.68% (male 6,955,260/female 7,006,172) 55-64 years: 8.63% (male 1,245,035/female 1,392,263) 65 years and over: 5.87% (male 768,769/female 1,025,840) (2020 est.) |
| Median age | total: 29.2 years male: 28.7 years female: 29.7 years (2020 est.) | total: 30.1 years male: 29.4 years female: 30.7 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.02% (2021 est.) | 0.86% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 17.85 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 15.85 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 5.4 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -1.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) | -1.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2020 est.) | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 38.54 deaths/1,000 live births male: 46.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 29.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) | total: 19.42 deaths/1,000 live births male: 23.13 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 71.54 years male: 68.5 years female: 74.73 years (2021 est.) | total population: 75.03 years male: 71.98 years female: 78.25 years (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 2.04 children born/woman (2021 est.) | 1.73 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | NA | 0.2% (2020 est.) |
| Nationality | noun: Turkmenistani(s) adjective: Turkmenistani | noun: Uzbekistani adjective: Uzbekistani |
| Ethnic groups | Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003 est.) | Uzbek 83.8%, Tajik 4.8%, Kazakh 2.5%, Russian 2.3%, Karakalpak 2.2%, Tatar 1.5%, other 4.4% (2017 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | NA | 58,000 (2020 est.) |
| Religions | Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1% (2020 est.) | Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3% |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | NA | <1,000 (2020 est.) |
| Languages | Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% major-language sample(s): Dünyä Facebooky, esasy maglumat üçin ayrylmaz bir çesme dir. (Turkmen) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% major-language sample(s): Jahon faktlari kitobi, asosiy ma'lumotlar uchun zaruriy manba. (Uzbek) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: in the autonomous Karakalpakstan Republic, both the Karakalpak language and Uzbek have official status |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.7% male: 99.8% female: 99.6% (2015) | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2016) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 13 years male: 13 years female: 13 years (2019) | total: 13 years male: 13 years female: 12 years (2019) |
| Education expenditures | 3.1% of GDP (2012) | 5.3% of GDP (2017) |
| Urbanization | urban population: 53% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | urban population: 50.4% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 96.1% of population total: 97.8% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 3.9% of population total: 2.2% of population (2017 est.) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) |
| Major cities - population | 865,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2021) | 2.545 million TASHKENT (capital) (2021) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) | 29 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
| Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 3.1% (2019) | 2.9% (2017) |
| Health expenditures | 6.6% (2018) | 5.3% (2018) |
| Physicians density | 2.23 physicians/1,000 population (2014) | 2.37 physicians/1,000 population (2014) |
| Hospital bed density | 4 beds/1,000 population (2014) | 4 beds/1,000 population (2014) |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 18.6% (2016) | 16.6% (2016) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 24.2 years (2019) | 23.7 years (2019 est.) |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 55.2 youth dependency ratio: 47.8 elderly dependency ratio: 7.4 potential support ratio: 13.5 (2020 est.) | total dependency ratio: 50.6 youth dependency ratio: 43.4 elderly dependency ratio: 7.2 potential support ratio: 13.9 (2020 est.) |
Source: CIA Factbook
