European Union - Research and development expenditure
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in European Union was 2.19 as of 2018. Its highest value over the past 22 years was 2.19 in 2018, while its lowest value was 1.70 in 1996.
Definition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)
See also:
| Year | Value |
|---|---|
| 1996 | 1.70 |
| 1997 | 1.73 |
| 1998 | 1.70 |
| 1999 | 1.78 |
| 2000 | 1.75 |
| 2001 | 1.82 |
| 2002 | 1.79 |
| 2003 | 1.83 |
| 2004 | 1.79 |
| 2005 | 1.78 |
| 2006 | 1.80 |
| 2007 | 1.80 |
| 2008 | 1.87 |
| 2009 | 1.97 |
| 2010 | 1.97 |
| 2011 | 2.02 |
| 2012 | 2.08 |
| 2013 | 2.08 |
| 2014 | 2.11 |
| 2015 | 2.12 |
| 2016 | 2.11 |
| 2017 | 2.17 |
| 2018 | 2.19 |
Classification
Topic: Infrastructure Indicators
Sub-Topic: Technology
