High income - Research and development expenditure
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in High income was 2.59 as of 2018. Its highest value over the past 22 years was 2.59 in 2018, while its lowest value was 2.16 in 1996.
Definition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)
See also:
Year | Value |
---|---|
1996 | 2.16 |
1997 | 2.19 |
1998 | 2.19 |
1999 | 2.26 |
2000 | 2.33 |
2001 | 2.36 |
2002 | 2.30 |
2003 | 2.27 |
2004 | 2.22 |
2005 | 2.23 |
2006 | 2.26 |
2007 | 2.26 |
2008 | 2.34 |
2009 | 2.41 |
2010 | 2.39 |
2011 | 2.40 |
2012 | 2.42 |
2013 | 2.41 |
2014 | 2.46 |
2015 | 2.46 |
2016 | 2.50 |
2017 | 2.56 |
2018 | 2.59 |
Classification
Topic: Infrastructure Indicators
Sub-Topic: Technology