Italy - School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross)

The value for School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross) in Italy was 91.91 as of 2019. As the graph below shows, over the past 48 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 102.21 in 2004 and a minimum value of 57.25 in 1971.

Definition: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)

See also:

Year Value
1971 57.25
1972 58.91
1973 62.02
1974 65.16
1975 66.85
1976 69.68
1977 72.36
1978 74.46
1979 76.69
1980 78.93
1981 80.55
1982 81.03
1983 82.47
1984 83.53
1985 84.31
1986 87.25
1987 88.90
1988 88.35
1989 87.92
1990 90.91
1991 91.72
1992 92.41
1993 93.83
1994 94.57
1995 94.26
1996 94.49
1997 95.89
1998 96.37
1999 96.83
2000 97.96
2001 97.65
2002 99.25
2003 101.00
2004 102.21
2005 101.36
2006 100.91
2007 99.42
2008 98.65
2009 97.36
2010 98.72
2011 98.85
2012 98.72
2013 97.86
2014 96.33
2015 95.72
2016 94.84
2017 92.83
2018 92.16
2019 91.91

Development Relevance: Gross enrollment ratios indicate the capacity of each level of the education system, but a high ratio may reflect a substantial number of overage children enrolled in each grade because of repetition or late entry rather than a successful education system. The net enrollment rate excludes overage and underage students and more accurately captures the system's coverage and internal efficiency. Differences between the gross enrollment ratio and the net enrollment rate show the incidence of overage and underage enrollments.

Limitations and Exceptions: Enrollment indicators are based on annual school surveys, but do not necessarily reflect actual attendance or dropout rates during the year. Also, the length of education differs across countries and can influence enrollment rates, although the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) tries to minimize the difference. For example, a shorter duration for primary education tends to increase the rate; a longer one to decrease it (in part because older children are more at risk of dropping out). Moreover, age at enrollment may be inaccurately estimated or misstated, especially in communities where registration of births is not strictly enforced.

Other Notes: Data retrieved via API in March 2019. For detailed information on the observation level (e.g. National Estimation, UIS Estimation, or Category not applicable), please visit UIS.Stat (http://data.uis.unesco.org/).

Statistical Concept and Methodology: Gross enrollment ratio for pre-primary school is calculated by dividing the number of students enrolled in pre-primary education regardless of age by the population of the age group which officially corresponds to pre-primary education, and multiplying by 100. Data on education are collected by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics from official responses to its annual education survey. All the data are mapped to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) to ensure the comparability of education programs at the international level. The current version was formally adopted by UNESCO Member States in 2011. Population data are drawn from the United Nations Population Division. Using a single source for population data standardizes definitions, estimations, and interpolation methods, ensuring a consistent methodology across countries and minimizing potential enumeration problems in national censuses. The reference years reflect the school year for which the data are presented. In some countries the school year spans two calendar years (for example, from September 2010 to June 2011); in these cases the reference year refers to the year in which the school year ended (2011 in the example).

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

Classification

Topic: Education Indicators

Sub-Topic: Participation