Lower middle income - Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI) in Lower middle income was 3.14 as of 2019. Its highest value over the past 49 years was 3.67 in 1981, while its lowest value was 2.49 in 1975.
Definition: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.
Source: UNESCO; data are extrapolated to the most recent year available
See also:
| Year | Value |
|---|---|
| 1970 | 2.92 |
| 1971 | 2.57 |
| 1972 | 2.77 |
| 1973 | 2.75 |
| 1974 | 2.62 |
| 1975 | 2.49 |
| 1976 | 3.47 |
| 1977 | 3.12 |
| 1978 | 3.44 |
| 1979 | 3.42 |
| 1980 | 3.32 |
| 1981 | 3.67 |
| 1982 | 3.63 |
| 1983 | 3.39 |
| 1984 | 3.06 |
| 1985 | 3.06 |
| 1986 | 3.19 |
| 1987 | 3.26 |
| 1988 | 3.00 |
| 1989 | 3.24 |
| 1990 | 3.19 |
| 1991 | 3.13 |
| 1992 | 3.23 |
| 1993 | 3.25 |
| 1994 | 3.20 |
| 1995 | 3.25 |
| 1996 | 3.16 |
| 1997 | 3.21 |
| 1998 | 3.47 |
| 1999 | 3.54 |
| 2000 | 3.43 |
| 2001 | 3.37 |
| 2002 | 3.32 |
| 2003 | 3.29 |
| 2004 | 3.22 |
| 2005 | 3.27 |
| 2006 | 3.24 |
| 2007 | 3.28 |
| 2008 | 3.25 |
| 2009 | 3.31 |
| 2010 | 3.22 |
| 2011 | 3.21 |
| 2012 | 3.24 |
| 2013 | 3.23 |
| 2014 | 3.13 |
| 2015 | 3.13 |
| 2016 | 3.18 |
| 2017 | 3.18 |
| 2018 | 3.15 |
| 2019 | 3.14 |
Limitations and Exceptions: Public education expenditures are considered an addition to savings. However, because of the wide variability in the effectiveness of public education expenditures, these figures cannot be construed as the value of investments in human capital. A current expenditure of $1 on education does not necessarily yield $1 of human capital. The calculation should also consider private education expenditure, but data are not available for a large number of countries.
Aggregation method: Weighted average
Periodicity: Annual
Classification
Topic: Economic Policy & Debt Indicators
Sub-Topic: National accounts
