Middle income - School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)

The value for School enrollment, primary, female (% gross) in Middle income was 101.10 as of 2019. As the graph below shows, over the past 49 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 106.37 in 2016 and a minimum value of 77.47 in 1970.

Definition: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)

See also:

Year Value
1970 77.47
1971 77.61
1972 78.81
1973 81.84
1974 82.96
1975 86.75
1976 88.57
1977 88.77
1978 87.26
1979 87.94
1980 89.14
1981 90.25
1982 90.69
1983 90.86
1984 91.78
1985 92.76
1986 95.31
1987 94.88
1988 95.88
1989 96.39
1990 96.52
1991 96.25
1992 96.21
1993 96.57
1994 96.68
1995 96.71
1996 95.99
1997 95.36
1998 96.14
1999 96.78
2000 97.81
2001 98.87
2002 98.95
2003 101.87
2004 102.21
2005 102.21
2006 102.11
2007 102.89
2008 103.19
2009 103.27
2010 102.69
2011 103.30
2012 104.29
2013 105.81
2014 104.07
2015 103.85
2016 106.37
2017 105.95
2018 100.97
2019 101.10

Development Relevance: Gross enrollment ratios indicate the capacity of each level of the education system, but a high ratio may reflect a substantial number of overage children enrolled in each grade because of repetition or late entry rather than a successful education system. The net enrollment rate excludes overage and underage students and more accurately captures the system's coverage and internal efficiency. Differences between the gross enrollment ratio and the net enrollment rate show the incidence of overage and underage enrollments.

Limitations and Exceptions: Enrollment indicators are based on annual school surveys, but do not necessarily reflect actual attendance or dropout rates during the year. Also, the length of education differs across countries and can influence enrollment rates, although the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) tries to minimize the difference. For example, a shorter duration for primary education tends to increase the rate; a longer one to decrease it (in part because older children are more at risk of dropping out). Moreover, age at enrollment may be inaccurately estimated or misstated, especially in communities where registration of births is not strictly enforced.

Other Notes: Data retrieved via API in March 2019. For detailed information on the observation level (e.g. National Estimation, UIS Estimation, or Category not applicable), please visit UIS.Stat (http://data.uis.unesco.org/).

Statistical Concept and Methodology: Gross enrollment ratio for primary school is calculated by dividing the number of students enrolled in primary education regardless of age by the population of the age group which officially corresponds to primary education, and multiplying by 100. Data on education are collected by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics from official responses to its annual education survey. All the data are mapped to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) to ensure the comparability of education programs at the international level. The current version was formally adopted by UNESCO Member States in 2011. Population data are drawn from the United Nations Population Division. Using a single source for population data standardizes definitions, estimations, and interpolation methods, ensuring a consistent methodology across countries and minimizing potential enumeration problems in national censuses. The reference years reflect the school year for which the data are presented. In some countries the school year spans two calendar years (for example, from September 2010 to June 2011); in these cases the reference year refers to the year in which the school year ended (2011 in the example).

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

Classification

Topic: Education Indicators

Sub-Topic: Participation