Pakistan - Research and development expenditure
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Pakistan was 0.236 as of 2017. Its highest value over the past 20 years was 0.633 in 2007, while its lowest value was 0.109 in 1998.
Definition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)
See also:
| Year | Value |
|---|---|
| 1997 | 0.156 |
| 1998 | 0.109 |
| 1999 | 0.116 |
| 2000 | 0.116 |
| 2001 | 0.152 |
| 2002 | 0.199 |
| 2005 | 0.398 |
| 2007 | 0.633 |
| 2009 | 0.448 |
| 2011 | 0.329 |
| 2013 | 0.293 |
| 2015 | 0.246 |
| 2017 | 0.236 |
Classification
Topic: Infrastructure Indicators
Sub-Topic: Technology
