Panama - Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births)

The value for Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) in Panama was 11.00 as of 2020. As the graph below shows, over the past 60 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 60.90 in 1960 and a minimum value of 11.00 in 2020.

Definition: Infant mortality rate, female is the number of female infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 female live births in a given year.

Source: Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.

See also:

Year Value
1960 60.90
1961 59.30
1962 57.60
1963 56.10
1964 54.60
1965 53.10
1966 51.80
1967 50.30
1968 48.90
1969 47.30
1970 45.70
1971 43.90
1972 42.00
1973 40.20
1974 38.50
1975 37.00
1976 35.70
1977 34.50
1978 33.50
1979 32.50
1980 31.60
1981 30.60
1982 29.60
1983 28.70
1984 27.70
1985 26.80
1986 26.00
1987 25.20
1988 24.40
1989 23.80
1990 23.20
1991 22.60
1992 22.10
1993 21.70
1994 21.40
1995 21.10
1996 20.80
1997 20.50
1998 20.20
1999 19.80
2000 19.50
2001 19.00
2002 18.60
2003 18.20
2004 17.70
2005 17.30
2006 16.90
2007 16.40
2008 16.00
2009 15.50
2010 15.10
2011 14.60
2012 14.20
2013 13.80
2014 13.40
2015 13.00
2016 12.60
2017 12.20
2018 11.80
2019 11.40
2020 11.00

Development Relevance: Mortality rates for different age groups (infants, children, and adults) and overall mortality indicators (life expectancy at birth or survival to a given age) are important indicators of health status in a country. Because data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. And they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries.

Limitations and Exceptions: Complete vital registration systems are fairly uncommon in developing countries. Thus estimates must be obtained from sample surveys or derived by applying indirect estimation techniques to registration, census, or survey data. Survey data are subject to recall error, and surveys estimating infant/child deaths require large samples because households in which a birth has occurred during a given year cannot ordinarily be preselected for sampling. Indirect estimates rely on model life tables that may be inappropriate for the population concerned. Extrapolations based on outdated surveys may not be reliable for monitoring changes in health status or for comparative analytical work.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: The main sources of mortality data are vital registration systems and direct or indirect estimates based on sample surveys or censuses. A "complete" vital registration system - covering at least 90 percent of vital events in the population - is the best source of age-specific mortality data. Estimates of neonatal, infant, and child mortality tend to vary by source and method for a given time and place. Years for available estimates also vary by country, making comparisons across countries and over time difficult. To make neonatal, infant, and child mortality estimates comparable and to ensure consistency across estimates by different agencies, the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), which comprises the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, the United Nations Population Division, and other universities and research institutes, developed and adopted a statistical method that uses all available information to reconcile differences. The method uses statistical models to obtain a best estimate trend line by fitting a country-specific regression model of mortality rates against their reference dates.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

General Comments: Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development ac

Classification

Topic: Health Indicators

Sub-Topic: Mortality