Panama - Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)

The value for Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) in Panama was 12.30 as of 2020. As the graph below shows, over the past 60 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 66.70 in 1960 and a minimum value of 12.30 in 2020.

Definition: Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Source: Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.

See also:

Year Value
1960 66.70
1961 64.90
1962 63.10
1963 61.40
1964 59.80
1965 58.30
1966 56.70
1967 55.20
1968 53.70
1969 52.10
1970 50.30
1971 48.40
1972 46.50
1973 44.60
1974 42.70
1975 41.10
1976 39.70
1977 38.40
1978 37.30
1979 36.20
1980 35.20
1981 34.10
1982 33.10
1983 32.10
1984 31.00
1985 30.00
1986 29.10
1987 28.30
1988 27.40
1989 26.70
1990 26.00
1991 25.40
1992 24.90
1993 24.40
1994 24.10
1995 23.70
1996 23.40
1997 23.10
1998 22.70
1999 22.40
2000 21.90
2001 21.40
2002 20.90
2003 20.50
2004 20.00
2005 19.50
2006 19.00
2007 18.50
2008 18.00
2009 17.50
2010 17.00
2011 16.50
2012 16.00
2013 15.50
2014 15.10
2015 14.60
2016 14.10
2017 13.70
2018 13.20
2019 12.80
2020 12.30

Development Relevance: Mortality rates for different age groups (infants, children, and adults) and overall mortality indicators (life expectancy at birth or survival to a given age) are important indicators of health status in a country. Because data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. And they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries.

Limitations and Exceptions: Complete vital registration systems are fairly uncommon in developing countries. Thus estimates must be obtained from sample surveys or derived by applying indirect estimation techniques to registration, census, or survey data. Survey data are subject to recall error, and surveys estimating infant/child deaths require large samples because households in which a birth has occurred during a given year cannot ordinarily be preselected for sampling. Indirect estimates rely on model life tables that may be inappropriate for the population concerned. Extrapolations based on outdated surveys may not be reliable for monitoring changes in health status or for comparative analytical work.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: The main sources of mortality data are vital registration systems and direct or indirect estimates based on sample surveys or censuses. A "complete" vital registration system - covering at least 90 percent of vital events in the population - is the best source of age-specific mortality data. Estimates of neonatal, infant, and child mortality tend to vary by source and method for a given time and place. Years for available estimates also vary by country, making comparisons across countries and over time difficult. To make neonatal, infant, and child mortality estimates comparable and to ensure consistency across estimates by different agencies, the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), which comprises the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, the United Nations Population Division, and other universities and research institutes, developed and adopted a statistical method that uses all available information to reconcile differences. The method uses statistical models to obtain a best estimate trend line by fitting a country-specific regression model of mortality rates against their reference dates.

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

General Comments: Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development ac

Classification

Topic: Health Indicators

Sub-Topic: Mortality