Turkey - Research and development expenditure

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Turkey was 0.960 as of 2017. Its highest value over the past 21 years was 0.960 in 2017, while its lowest value was 0.362 in 1998.

Definition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)

See also:

Year Value
1996 0.452
1997 0.492
1998 0.362
1999 0.456
2000 0.468
2001 0.526
2002 0.513
2003 0.469
2004 0.502
2005 0.569
2006 0.557
2007 0.692
2008 0.693
2009 0.809
2010 0.799
2011 0.800
2012 0.832
2013 0.818
2014 0.861
2015 0.882
2016 0.945
2017 0.960

Classification

Topic: Infrastructure Indicators

Sub-Topic: Technology