Upper middle income - School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)

The value for School enrollment, primary, female (% gross) in Upper middle income was 102.90 as of 2019. As the graph below shows, over the past 49 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 115.80 in 1990 and a minimum value of 94.12 in 1971.

Definition: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)

See also:

Year Value
1970 94.27
1971 94.12
1972 94.78
1973 98.72
1974 100.69
1975 106.26
1976 108.37
1977 106.25
1978 102.79
1979 102.92
1980 103.62
1981 104.19
1982 103.49
1983 102.84
1984 104.00
1985 106.65
1986 112.38
1987 112.94
1988 114.60
1989 115.09
1990 115.80
1991 113.90
1992 113.03
1993 111.48
1994 109.98
1995 110.44
1996 108.50
1997 105.90
1998 107.65
1999 108.22
2000 109.02
2001 111.44
2002 110.60
2003 109.37
2004 107.64
2005 105.89
2006 104.17
2007 104.05
2008 104.11
2009 103.79
2010 100.86
2011 101.22
2012 101.60
2013 102.30
2014 100.33
2015 100.16
2016 101.17
2017 101.72
2018 102.11
2019 102.90

Development Relevance: Gross enrollment ratios indicate the capacity of each level of the education system, but a high ratio may reflect a substantial number of overage children enrolled in each grade because of repetition or late entry rather than a successful education system. The net enrollment rate excludes overage and underage students and more accurately captures the system's coverage and internal efficiency. Differences between the gross enrollment ratio and the net enrollment rate show the incidence of overage and underage enrollments.

Limitations and Exceptions: Enrollment indicators are based on annual school surveys, but do not necessarily reflect actual attendance or dropout rates during the year. Also, the length of education differs across countries and can influence enrollment rates, although the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) tries to minimize the difference. For example, a shorter duration for primary education tends to increase the rate; a longer one to decrease it (in part because older children are more at risk of dropping out). Moreover, age at enrollment may be inaccurately estimated or misstated, especially in communities where registration of births is not strictly enforced.

Other Notes: Data retrieved via API in March 2019. For detailed information on the observation level (e.g. National Estimation, UIS Estimation, or Category not applicable), please visit UIS.Stat (http://data.uis.unesco.org/).

Statistical Concept and Methodology: Gross enrollment ratio for primary school is calculated by dividing the number of students enrolled in primary education regardless of age by the population of the age group which officially corresponds to primary education, and multiplying by 100. Data on education are collected by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics from official responses to its annual education survey. All the data are mapped to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) to ensure the comparability of education programs at the international level. The current version was formally adopted by UNESCO Member States in 2011. Population data are drawn from the United Nations Population Division. Using a single source for population data standardizes definitions, estimations, and interpolation methods, ensuring a consistent methodology across countries and minimizing potential enumeration problems in national censuses. The reference years reflect the school year for which the data are presented. In some countries the school year spans two calendar years (for example, from September 2010 to June 2011); in these cases the reference year refers to the year in which the school year ended (2011 in the example).

Aggregation method: Weighted average

Periodicity: Annual

Classification

Topic: Education Indicators

Sub-Topic: Participation