| Capitale | nom: Tallinn coordonnées géographiques: 59 26 N, 24 43 E différence de temps: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: the Estonian name is generally believed to be derived from "Taani-linn" (originally meaning "Danish castle", now "Danish town") after a stronghold built in the area by the Danes; it could also have come from "tali-linn" ("winter castle" or "winter town") or "talu-linn" ("home castle" or "home town") |
| Fête de l'Indépendance | 20 Aoüt 1991 (declared); 6 Septembre 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union) |
| Fête nationale | Jour De l'Indépendance, 24 Février (1918); note - 24 Février 1918 was the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 20 Aoüt 1991 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union restoring its statehood |
| Constitution | history: several previous; latest adopted 28 Juin 1992 amendments: proposed by at least one-fifth of Parliament members or by the president of the republic; passage requires three readings of the proposed amendment and a simple majority vote in two successive memberships of Parliament; passage of amendments to the "General Provisions" and "Amendment of the Constitution" chapters requires at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament to conduct a referendum and majority vote in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016) |
| Suffrage - Age minimum de l'électeur | 18 ans; universal; age 16 for local elections |
| Pouvoir exécutif | chef d'état (Président): Président Kersti KALJULAID (depuis 10 October 2016) chef de gouvernement (1er ministre): Juri RATAS (depuis 23 November 2016) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after 3 rounds of balloting, then an electoral college consisting of Parliament members and local council members elects the president, choosing between the 2 candidates with the highest number of votes; election last held on 29-30 August 2016, but three rounds were inconclusive; two electoral college votes on 24 September 2016 were also indecisive, so the election passed back to Parliament; on 3 October the Parliament elected Kersti KALJULAID as president; prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament election results: Kersti KALJULAID elected president; Parliament vote - Kersti KALJULAID (independent) 81 of 98 votes; note - KALJULAID is Estonia's first female president |
Source: CIA World Factbook - Version du décembre 31, 2019
