Poland

Republic of Poland Rzeczpospolita Polska (Polish)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego" (English: "Poland Is Not Yet Lost")
Show globe Show map of Europe Location of Poland (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) – [Legend]
Capital and largest city	Warsaw 52°13′N21°02′E / 52.217°N 21.033°E / 52.217; 21.033
Official languages	Polish^[1]
Ethnic groups (2011^[2]^[3])	98% Poles^{[note 1]} 2% Others or not stated
Religion (2019^[4])	90% Christianity —86% Catholicism —4% Other Christian 6% No religion 1% Others 3% Unanswered
Demonym(s)	Polish Pole
Government	Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic

• President	Andrzej Duda
• Prime Minister	Mateusz Morawiecki

Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Sejm
Formation

• Christianization of Poland^[a]	14 April 966
• Kingdom of Poland	18 April 1025
• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	1 July 1569
• Partitions of Poland	24 October 1795
• Second Republic	11 November 1918
• Government-in-exile	17 September 1939
• People's Republic	19 February 1947
• Third Republic	31 December 1989^[6]

Area
• Total	312,696^[7] km² (120,733 sq mi)^[b] (69th)
• Water (%)	1.48 (as of 2015)^[9]
Population
• 2020 estimate	38,268,000^[10] (38th)
• Density	123/km² (318.6/sq mi) (83rd)
GDP (PPP)	2021 estimate
• Total	$1.363 trillion^[11] (19th)
• Per capita	$35,957^[11] (39th)
GDP (nominal)	2021 estimate
• Total	$642 billion^[11] (22nd)
• Per capita	$16,930^[11] (44th)
Gini (2019)	28.5^[12] low
HDI (2019)	0.880^[13] very high · 35th
Currency	Złoty (PLN)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+48
ISO 3166 code	PL
Internet TLD	.pl
Website poland.pl

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Contents

Introduction

Geography

Demographics

Environment

Government

Economy

Energy

Telecommunications

Transportation

Military

Terrorism

Transnational Issues

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