Turkey

Republic of Turkey Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (Turkish)
Flag
Anthem: İstiklal Marşı (Turkish) "The Independence March"

Capital	Ankara 39°N35°E / 39°N 35°E / 39; 35Coordinates: 39°N35°E / 39°N 35°E / 39; 35
Largest city	Istanbul 41°1′N28°57′E / 41.017°N 28.950°E / 41.017; 28.950
Official languages	Turkish^[1]^[2]
Spoken languages^[3]	predominantly Turkish other languages Kurdish Zaza Laz Kabardian-Cherkess Arabic various others
Ethnic groups (2016)^[4]	70–75% Turks 19% Kurds 7–12% Others
Demonym(s)	Turkish Turk
Government	Unitary presidential constitutional republic

• President	Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
• Vice President	Fuat Oktay
• Assembly Speaker	Mustafa Şentop

Legislature	Grand National Assembly
Establishment

• War of Independence	19 May 1919
• Grand National Assembly of Turkey	23 April 1920
• Treaty of Lausanne	24 July 1923
• Declaration of Republic	29 October 1923
• Current constitution	9 November 1982^[5]

Area
• Total	783,356 km² (302,455 sq mi) (36th)
• Water (%)	2.03 (as of 2015)^[6]
Population
• 31 December 2020 estimate	83,614,362^[7] (19th)
• Density	109^[7]/km² (282.3/sq mi) (107th)
GDP (PPP)	2021 estimate
• Total	$2.749 trillion^[8] (11th)
• Per capita	$32,278^[8] (45th)
GDP (nominal)	2021 estimate
• Total	$794.530 billion^[8] (20th)
• Per capita	$9,327^[8] (67th)
Gini (2018)	39.7^[9] medium · 56th
HDI (2019)	0.820^[10] very high · 54th
Currency	Turkish lira (₺) (TRY)
Time zone	UTC+3 (TRT)
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy (CE)
Mains electricity	220 V–50 Hz
Driving side	right
Calling code	+90
ISO 3166 code	TR
Internet TLD	.tr

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Contents

Introduction

Geography

Demographics

Environment

Government

Economy

Energy

Telecommunications

Transportation

Military

Terrorism

Transnational Issues

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