CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt) - Country Ranking

Definition: Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.

Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.

See also: Thematic map, Time series comparison

Find indicator:
Rank Country Value Year
1 China 6,951,653.00 2016
2 India 1,516,605.00 2016
3 United States 1,323,424.00 2016
4 Russia 441,708.50 2016
5 Japan 433,780.40 2016
6 South Africa 399,604.00 2016
7 Korea 309,945.80 2016
8 Germany 298,574.50 2016
9 Indonesia 213,852.10 2016
10 Poland 191,399.10 2016
11 Australia 172,598.40 2016
12 Turkey 148,099.10 2016
13 Kazakhstan 134,127.90 2016
14 Ukraine 106,002.00 2016
15 Vietnam 81,187.38 2016
16 Malaysia 71,777.86 2016
17 Brazil 67,318.79 2016
18 Canada 65,862.98 2016
19 Czech Republic 63,915.81 2016
20 Thailand 59,148.71 2016
21 Italy 49,621.84 2014
22 Mexico 47,660.00 2016
23 Philippines 45,991.52 2016
24 United Kingdom 45,012.43 2016
25 Spain 38,928.87 2016
26 Netherlands 37,836.11 2016
27 France 34,539.47 2014
28 Serbia 31,092.49 2016
29 Chile 27,018.46 2016
30 Hong Kong SAR, China 25,393.97 2016
31 Pakistan 24,682.58 2016
32 Bulgaria 22,339.36 2016
33 Mongolia 22,101.01 2016
34 Dem. People's Rep. Korea 21,690.30 2016
35 Israel 20,850.56 2016
36 Romania 20,773.55 2016
37 Colombia 19,471.77 2016
38 Finland 17,649.27 2016
39 Greece 17,238.57 2016
40 Morocco 16,248.48 2016
41 Bosnia and Herzegovina 16,164.14 2016
42 Estonia 14,403.98 2016
43 Lao PDR 13,846.59 2016
44 Slovak Republic 13,164.53 2016
45 Austria 11,393.37 2016
46 Portugal 10,795.65 2016
47 Belgium 10,557.29 2016
48 Hungary 8,870.47 2016
49 Ireland 8,060.07 2016
50 Sweden 7,854.71 2016
51 Denmark 7,187.32 2016
52 Zimbabwe 7,069.98 2016
53 United Arab Emirates 6,985.64 2016
54 Bangladesh 6,226.57 2016
55 Uzbekistan 6,094.55 2016
56 Sri Lanka 5,529.84 2016
57 Afghanistan 4,829.44 2016
58 New Zealand 4,532.41 2016
59 Guatemala 4,158.38 2016
60 Slovenia 3,850.35 2016
61 Botswana 3,575.33 2016
62 Kyrgyz Republic 3,483.65 2016
63 Iran 3,454.31 2016
64 North Macedonia 3,417.64 2016
65 Peru 3,215.96 2016
66 Belarus 3,157.29 2016
67 Argentina 3,010.61 2016
68 Norway 2,874.93 2016
68 Dominican Republic 2,874.93 2016
70 Cambodia 2,684.24 2016
71 Nepal 2,614.57 2016
72 Croatia 2,471.56 2016
73 New Caledonia 2,427.55 2016
74 Tajikistan 2,233.20 2016
75 Singapore 1,833.50 2016
76 Senegal 1,730.82 2016
77 Mauritius 1,716.16 2016
78 Lesotho 1,708.82 2016
79 Egypt 1,353.12 2016
80 Kenya 1,305.45 2016
81 Myanmar 1,210.11 2016
82 Montenegro 1,184.44 2016
83 Ethiopia 1,173.44 2016
84 Madagascar 1,052.43 2016
85 Georgia 1,012.09 2016
86 Jordan 854.41 2016
86 Zambia 854.41 2016
88 Panama 832.41 2016
89 Tanzania 733.40 2016
90 Lithuania 704.06 2016
91 Lebanon 645.39 2016
92 Venezuela 469.38 2016
93 Switzerland 443.71 2016
94 Honduras 436.37 2016
95 Iceland 374.03 2016
96 Niger 359.37 2016
97 Yemen 322.70 2016
97 Eswatini 322.70 2016
99 Benin 319.03 2016
100 Bhutan 311.70 2016
101 Costa Rica 300.69 2016
102 Moldova 271.36 2016
103 Malawi 216.35 2016
104 Luxembourg 201.69 2016
105 Jamaica 194.35 2016
106 Latvia 154.01 2016
107 Namibia 139.35 2016
108 Nigeria 121.01 2016
109 Mozambique 51.34 2016
110 Burundi 14.67 2016
110 Albania 14.67 2016
112 Uruguay 11.00 2016
113 Cuba 7.33 2016
114 The Bahamas 3.67 2016
114 Armenia 3.67 2016
114 Azerbaijan 3.67 2016
114 Syrian Arab Republic 3.67 2016
114 Paraguay 3.67 2016
119 Saudi Arabia 0.00 2016
119 Sudan 0.00 2016
119 El Salvador 0.00 2016
119 Suriname 0.00 2016
119 Papua New Guinea 0.00 2016
119 Chad 0.00 2016
119 Togo 0.00 2016
119 Timor-Leste 0.00 2016
119 Trinidad and Tobago 0.00 2016
119 Tunisia 0.00 2016
119 Tuvalu 0.00 2016
119 Uganda 0.00 2016
119 Mauritania 0.00 2016
119 Vanuatu 0.00 2016
119 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.00 2016
119 Samoa 0.00 2016
119 Turkmenistan 0.00 2016
119 Tonga 0.00 2016
119 Brunei 0.00 2016
119 Belize 0.00 2016
119 Cyprus 0.00 2016
119 Eritrea 0.00 2016
119 Gabon 0.00 2016
119 Algeria 0.00 2016
119 Ecuador 0.00 2016
119 Comoros 0.00 2016
119 Dem. Rep. Congo 0.00 2016
119 Bolivia 0.00 2016
119 Barbados 0.00 2016
119 Andorra 0.00 2016
119 Antigua and Barbuda 0.00 2016
119 Burkina Faso 0.00 2016
119 Bahrain 0.00 2016
119 Macao SAR, China 0.00 2016
119 Kuwait 0.00 2016
119 Libya 0.00 2016
119 Mali 0.00 2016
119 Malta 0.00 2016
119 Angola 0.00 2016
119 Kiribati 0.00 2016
119 Haiti 0.00 2016
119 Iraq 0.00 2016
119 Guyana 0.00 2016
119 Grenada 0.00 2016
119 Greenland 0.00 2016
119 Guinea 0.00 2016
119 The Gambia 0.00 2016
119 Guinea-Bissau 0.00 2016
119 Equatorial Guinea 0.00 2016
119 Cayman Islands 0.00 2016
119 Central African Republic 0.00 2016
119 Côte d'Ivoire 0.00 2016
119 Cameroon 0.00 2016
119 Congo 0.00 2016
119 Cabo Verde 0.00 2016
119 Djibouti 0.00 2016
119 Dominica 0.00 2016
119 Ghana 0.00 2016
119 Fiji 0.00 2016
119 Liberia 0.00 2016
119 St. Lucia 0.00 2016
119 Liechtenstein 0.00 2016
119 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.00 2016
119 Nicaragua 0.00 2016
119 Nauru 0.00 2016
119 Oman 0.00 2016
119 Seychelles 0.00 2016
119 Solomon Islands 0.00 2016
119 Sierra Leone 0.00 2016
119 Somalia 0.00 2016
119 São Tomé and Principe 0.00 2016
119 Palau 0.00 2016
119 Qatar 0.00 2016
119 Rwanda 0.00 2016

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Development Relevance: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is naturally occurring gas fixed by photosynthesis into organic matter. A byproduct of fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, it is also emitted from land use changes and other industrial processes. It is the principal anthropogenic greenhouse gas that affects the Earth's radiative balance. It is the reference gas against which other greenhouse gases are measured, thus having a Global Warming Potential of 1. An emission intensity is the average emission rate of a given pollutant from a given source relative to the intensity of a specific activity. Emission intensities are also used to compare the environmental impact of different fuels or activities. The related terms - emission factor and carbon intensity - are often used interchangeably. Burning of carbon-based fuels since the industrial revolution has rapidly increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, increasing the rate of global warming and causing anthropogenic climate change. It is also a major source of ocean acidification since it dissolves in water to form carbonic acid. The addition of man-made greenhouse gases to the Atmosphere disturbs the earth's radiative balance. This is leading to an increase in the earth's surface temperature and to related effects on climate, sea level rise and world agriculture. Emissions of CO2 are from burning oil, coal and gas for energy use, burning wood and waste materials, and from industrial processes such as cement production. The carbon dioxide emissions of a country are only an indicator of one greenhouse gas. For a more complete idea of how a country influences climate change, gases such as methane and nitrous oxide should be taken into account. This is particularly important in agricultural economies. The environmental effects of carbon dioxide are of significant interest. Carbon dioxide (CO2) makes up the largest share of the greenhouse gases contributing to global warming and climate change. Converting all other greenhouse gases (methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)) to carbon dioxide (or CO2) equivalents makes it possible to compare them and to determine their individual and total contributions to global warming. The Kyoto Protocol, an environmental agreement adopted in 1997 by many of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is working towards curbing CO2 emissions globally.

Limitations and Exceptions: The U.S. Department of Energy's Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) calculates annual anthropogenic emissions from data on fossil fuel consumption (from the United Nations Statistics Division's World Energy Data Set) and world cement manufacturing (from the U.S. Department of Interior's Geological Survey, USGS 2011). Although estimates of global carbon dioxide emissions are probably accurate within 10 percent (as calculated from global average fuel chemistry and use), country estimates may have larger error bounds. Trends estimated from a consistent time series tend to be more accurate than individual values. Each year the CDIAC recalculates the entire time series since 1949, incorporating recent findings and corrections. Estimates exclude fuels supplied to ships and aircraft in international transport because of the difficulty of apportioning the fuels among benefiting countries.

Statistical Concept and Methodology: Carbon dioxide emissions, largely by-products of energy production and use, account for the largest share of greenhouse gases, which are associated with global warming. Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions result primarily from fossil fuel combustion and cement manufacturing. In combustion different fossil fuels release different amounts of carbon dioxide for the same level of energy use: oil releases about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than natural gas, and coal releases about twice as much. Cement manufacturing releases about half a metric ton of carbon dioxide for each metric ton of cement produced. Data for carbon dioxide emissions include gases from the burning of fossil fuels and cement manufacture, but excludes emissions from land use such as deforestation. The unit of measurement is kt (kiloton). Carbon dioxide emissions are often calculated and reported as elemental carbon. The values were converted to actual carbon dioxide mass by multiplying them by 3.667 (the ratio of the mass of carbon to that of carbon dioxide).

Aggregation method: Gap-filled total

Periodicity: Annual